Essay on The Role of the Prosecutor - 880 Words

The Role of the Prosecutor All serious criminal cases require the participation of three individuals: the judge, counsel for the prosecution, and counsel for the accused. If any one of these are absent from the procedure, the criminal justice system is incomplete (Congress). The prosecutor stands at a critical stage in the criminal justice system as well as playing a critical role before, during and after the trial. They serve many functions throughout the criminal process. Some of which are investigating, plead bargains, questioning both jurors and witnesses, and being involved through the sentencing as well. The first thing that must be understood is that the duty of the prosecutor is to seek justice, not merely to†¦show more content†¦These Acodes and cannons@ are intended to assist and advise the prosecutor. The majority of the prosecutor=s work load consists of cases which a complaint was either files by a citizen or by following an arrest made by the police. But there are instances where a citizen is unwilling to prosecute. It is important that, under these circumstances, the prosecutor investigate criminal acts on his own Ainitiative and independent of citizen complaints or police activity@ (Congress). AMost prosecutors express willingness to accept this responsibility, provided they have adequate investigative resources@ (Congress). It is essential that a guilty plea is entered not only voluntarily, but understandingly as well. A plea entered Aas a result of a prosecutor=s promising concessions beyond his power to fulfill@ (Matrix) is involuntary and the defendant Ais entitled to withdrawal it@ (Matrix). It is therefore important that the prosecutor make it clear to the accused that he is not able Ato assure the judicial consequence@ (Matrix) of a guilty plea. AWhen some but not all charges against a defendant@ are dropped due to the plea of guilt to one or more other charges, the prosecutor should note that this is the basis of the guilty plea. The prosecutor should also note the participation and approval of both the defendant and his counsel. The process of examining prospective jurors (voir dire) is designed toShow MoreRelatedThe Role of the Prosecutor Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesSystem, there are four key attributes in the role of the prosecutor. There are discretion, resource dependence, sequential tasks, and filtering. The prosecutors are lawyers that are accountable for presenting criminal cases in trial. The United States Attorneys are pointed by state or government, and represent the federal government in courts. They prosecute all adults who commit felonies and juveniles who commit delinquent crimes. Conjointly, the prosecutors have further responsibilities, such as legalRead MoreRole of the Public Prosecutor1277 Words   |  6 PagesRole of the Public Prosecutor in the Criminal Justice System In independent India, it goes without saying that the criminal justice system (hereafter CJS) must function within the framework of the principles enunciated by the Constitution. Broadly speaking, these are as follows : The guarantee of equality before the law Equal protection of the laws Prohibition of discrimination imposed upon the State Deprivation of life / personal liberty only in accordance with procedure establishedRead MoreRole Of The Prosecutor On The Criminal Justice System Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 5.4: Role of the Prosecutor Introduction The criminal justice system is made up of many roles. The Crown Attorney, or prosecution is one of the major roles within our justice system, and they ensure all credible evidence is entered before the courts to try to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. In the QB trial video, R v. Perry and Manitoba (2016), the prosecutors in this case had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt, a break and enter, as well as, robbery. The Crown called upon twoRead MoreThe Judicial Process Of Course998 Words   |  4 Pagesof course, a jury alone does not guarantee a fair and impartial trial. VIIII- Prosecutors’ role in civil law and common law systems A-Prosecutor in civil law systems The Public Prosecution has two major functions, which are to file criminal actions when acting as public prosecutors before a criminal court and the right to initiate actions, even if the plaintiff has relinquished his right to do so, public prosecutors exanimate crimes, visit crimes’ scenes, question the accused, issue search warrantsRead MoreA Prosecutor On Civil Law System967 Words   |  4 PagesA-Prosecutor in civil law system The Public Prosecution has two major functions, which are to file criminal actions when acting as public prosecutors before a criminal court and the right to initiate actions even if the plaintiff has relinquished his right to do so, public prosecutors exanimate crimes, visit crimes’ scenes, question the accused, issue search warrants, and order the imprisonment of the accused on the account of a crime for a period of fifteen days prior to trial or prosecution. Read MoreLegal Ethics And Responsibilities Of Defense856 Words   |  4 PagesProsecutors and defense attorneys are both great professions in itself. However, they have many differences about the various ways they perform their jobs. By understanding both prosecutors and defense attorneys roles, you will understand the criminal court as an adversarial system seeking to determine the guilt or innocence of defendants charged with crimes, as well as understanding the legal ethics and responsibilities of defense counsels who represent criminal clients. Both types of lawyersRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Plea Bargains874 Words   |  4 Pages Everett, P., 2016) 1. Explain the primary roles of the prosecutor and the defense. What specific duties must each undertake and what is the biggest difference between them? Be complete in your answer here. The prosecutors are a lawyer who represents people who are against either one person or multiple persons who are charged with violating criminal law. The prosecutor has to conduct a grand jury investigation. This means that the prosecutor gets all of the evidence and then the juries decideRead MoreJapan s High Quality Legal System Essay748 Words   |  3 PagesSummary Though, Japan has a high quality legal system, there are several issues that need to be addressed by the national government. These issues include: the unreasonable amount of discretionary powers prosecutors have and a shortage of lawyers. I. INTRODUCTION By receiving a score of fifteen out of sixteen (with a score of one being a failing score and a score of sixteen being an excellent score) by Freedom House, a nonprofit organization dedicated to monitoring the protection of civil libertiesRead MoreThe Purpose of the Legislative Branch in Democratic Governmental Systems1661 Words   |  7 Pageshands of the police and prosecutors in determining not only who is arrested and prosecuted but also as to how severely each defendant is to be charged and prosecuted. Such decisions are known as charging decisions. The actual criminal statutes enacted by the legislature provided the basis but it is the prosecutor who ultimately determines how each case should be handled. Over time, studies have been done by a number of different legal scholars and students to determine what role discretionary decisionsRead MoreThe Journey Of Becoming A Prosecutor Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesBecoming a Prosecutor The prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the common law adversarial system or the civil law inquisitorial system, and a criminal prosecutor is also a type of lawyer. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the case in a criminal trial against an individual accused of breaking the law. A prosecutor prosecutes someone for an illegal crime. There are different rules in different states for a prosecutor. In some

Morality And Ethical Connotations Of War - 1578 Words

INTRODUCTION Humans have discussed and argued about the morality and ethical connotations of war, and the means in which we conduct our wars, for thousands of years. Every major civilization in our world has an evolved tradition on what is and is not acceptable on the battlefields in which we meet. These traditions and views continue to change based on a reflection on similar concerns. These concerns are the questions to which we seek answers to that help shape who we are as individuals and countries. Who are the individuals that can be named legitimate targets? What weapons, or weapon systems, can we use to engage and possibly kill these targets? What amount of collateral damage and/or civilian casualties are acceptable in order to engage these targets? Moral and ethical evaluations of the available weapons are naturally grounded in the answers that traditions have provided to these fundamental questions. One important moral implication, effecting how we address the question of civilian casualties, has to do with weapons that are inherently indiscriminate. It is widely accepted that not only is their use in war morally prohibited, but their mere possession as well is looked at as immoral. There is some historical evidence that suggests that the use of biological weapons may be at least 3300 years old. Ancient texts have recently provided evidence that in the Middle East the Hittites around 1320 BCE sent rams infected with the bacterial disease tularemia (rabbitShow MoreRelatedLeadership Is Not About The Laws Of Acceptable Behavior1428 Words   |  6 Pagesabout people believing in you. There have been many notorious and notable leaders throughout history. Some were not necessarily of high moral behavior and some were, but most were leaders that could unite their people in a cause. Without a sense of morality, many leaders have led people to commit acts of immorality. Just as humanity must depend on the morals and ethics of its citizens to survive, leaders in our society must also uphold some basic morals and ethics, if we have any hope of keeping ourRead MoreUnderstanding Logic And Reason Behind Everything996 Words   |  4 Pagesbehind everything can be complicated . Some old mathematicians believe, for instance, that we cannot represent the greatest number, if it exists, because N+1 or when adding 1 to the greatest number, N will no longer be the highest number. Similarly, morality makes sense only as long as it remains in the practical domain. Generally, there are two important factors that affect our moral actions which are rationality and reason. Rationality is the way of analyzing the relationship between cause and effectRead MoreEssay on The State of Nature is a State of War1498 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand Hobbes’s argument for why the State of Nature is a State of War it is important to understand Hobbes’s meanings of the terms State of Nature and State of War. The State of Nature is the condition where mankind is forced in contact with one another in a society where there is no authority to enforce power or laws. In this state, the lack of authority encompasses the lack of political institutions and the connotations associated with them: no national allegiances and no punishment. All menRead MoreWhen I Read That The United States Has A â€Å"Drug Problem†,1060 Words   |  5 Pagesit is effective in helping addicts. This is not as easily attainable when it comes to more addictive drugs though. Douglas Husak has a different point of view on the war on drugs. He believes that the government has taken the wrong approach to decreasing drug abuse, and that calling it a â€Å"war† puts a much more negative connotation with drugs than what is necessary. The media portrays drug use as a gateway to crime, poverty, laziness, and death. â€Å"Everyone has seen vivid images of persons who wereRead MoreHuman Nature Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"It is a sin to believe evil of others, but it is seldom a mistake.† -H.L Menckens From the moment they are born, humans have a naturally evil predisposition. Although the term ‘evil’ is difficult to define, there are various views on morality. The most commonly referenced one, Moral Objectivism, holds that moral standards are universally transcendent, and that certain acts are right or wrong independent of human subjectivity. It is by this unspoken moral code that humanity’s acts are judged. ThereRead MoreExistentialism : A Philosophical Movement907 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The existential attitude begins with a disoriented individual facing a confused world that the cannot accept† - Robert Solomon Existentialism is best considered a philosophical movement established after World War II. People in this movement examined the problem of life for human beings. Each existentialist believes that life is absurd and has no meaning. Their common concern was with the â€Å"human condition†. Existentialists have differing evaluations of the human condition but all of them believeRead MoreThe Animal Of Human Animals1424 Words   |  6 Pagessocial relations.† An aswer may be that the relationship between animals and humans can be compared with the way human beings perceive going to war as this meant that a certain community of beings put their interests above the interests of others.The reason of this comparison is that both relationships human beings have with animals on the one hand and war on the other hand „change the natural state of a particular community for better and for worse.† So what, many would ask? The utilitarian theoryRead MoreThe Defining Ch aracteristics Of Leadership1305 Words   |  6 Pagesarises in different situations with all being a variety of characteristics and traits. While there are a variety of connotations and denotations of the word leadership, one can say that an effective leader doesn’t necessarily need to have all the traits that a great leader needs to have, but only possessing the traits of being able to direct individuals into the correct path, being ethical and having high moral values, and being loyal. Through the usage of positive words and having an optimistic mindsetRead MoreReligious Diversity And Its Impact On Society1792 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will argue that ethical and humanist spirituality do form a viable alternative to religion because statistics show that in response to capitalism, and in the context of contemporary society there has been a move away from traditional forms of religion. It will also argue that ethical and humanist spirituality appeals to the contemporary push towards individualism. This essay also that in the context of modern society and its emphasis on consumerism, ethical and humanist spirituality hasRead MoreEthics of Materialism1603 Words   |  7 Pagesregister that there is a relationship between materialism and ethics; although, under examination, we can see that there is indeed a great association between the two. Are materialism and the obsessive consumer culture we have made for ourselves ethical? Peoples opinion on this question can be polar opposites. Some people believe that materialism has great benefits for the technological and economic growth, while others argue that materialism strips people of their individuality and creates unethical

Introduction to Management for Framework- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Management for Framework of DEAL. Answer: Structure and Framework of DEAL The process of planning and execution is one of the fundamental facets of any business organization. It forms a central part on which depends a lot of decision, which has impacts and influence over its operations and work structure. The concept of arranging all the primary and secondary resources along with efficient execution have been proposed in this derivative or definition of the scenario that exists in the established baking unit of Ferguson Plarre Bake house. The managerial decisions, which effect the operations of the prominent bakers and its account, have been discussed through the course of this report. As far as the propositions for improving and Implementation or incorporation of any specific service or activity within the premises of the work culture and prospectus involves a lot of contribution from the managers who adopts and begins the process followed by the whole organization. In regards to the Ferguson Plarre Bake house, this has established itself as one of the most promising bakers of Australia headed by Ferguson Plarre. The procedure or an action plan that have been followed due to the tailoring of the current scenes and demands of the catering or baking industry in this case it is significant to notice and analyze the growing needs and changes that are to be brought for creating a better impression for the business of Ferguson Baker House (Andrews 2014). One of the rather strategic plans of the Baker house, which has been in the business for the last 100 years is to create and reinforce its value of old traditions and culinary experience emerging from a homemade recipe. The efforts to bring about the sustainability through an efficient trail of the production drive and the force are defined within its procuring methods. Refining the system in order to reorganize and install better practices have been used practically for the premises of maintain and rejuvenating a brand which is more than over 100 years involves extensive planning and coordination which has been used for meeting the purpose of the historic bakery house in Australia. The focus of the manager is appropriating and meeting all the standards of the implementation plan, which can be used to control issues and also imbibe and exhaust all the opportunities through minimized costing and maximizing the positive influence over the business (Fergusonplarre.com.au. 2017). Account of the History of Ferguson Plarre Bakery The organizational history of the brand, which started its journey in the midst of a hierarchical bakery business, is one of the remarkable events. Established in Melbourne it is a collaboration of two bakers, namely Plarres and Ferguson Cakes which introduced in the Australian market in the the year 1980. The stake of the business was recently been handed over to the Plarre group moreover, is headed by Steve Plarre. The two houses with their individual manner had immense reputation in the market and by the virtue of the opportunity, the significant houses joined hands and develop the best solution for both the houses (Wallace 2013). It is known as one of the most famous bakery, which offers a scrumptious treats like pastries, cakes, tarts and other related savories with over 50 branches in Victoria, Queensland and different parts of Australia. In fact, as it has emerged from a core home affair into a business proposal history is a witness of brilliant skills of pastry cooking and baking which has led to the involvement of its 5th generation to carry on the bakery affairs. It approximately begun in the year of 1857 and each and every owner from that period have proved their reputation associated with the bakery concern brand based in Australia (Hassan et al., 2013). Approach of Setting Objectives and Goals The inference drawn from the interview relates to the scenario of business application of the enhancing and improving the practice, which are adopted by the bakers who have introduced and embarked on a new journey by introducing a strategic marketing plan. This plan has ensured that the various deviations and services which are offered by the bakers in order to reach personally to the target customers helped in adjusting and drawing a conclusion on the developments and scopes of improving, i.e. whether they are leading or trailing the value proposition of their brands (Davila et al., 2016). The CEO, Steven Plarre revealed how the plans are integrated with the service and functions, interconnects the brand values, customer evaluation and impression along with the coordination in the approaches, and analyze the values of the brand. Further development on brand personality and how to initiate it explicitly through the changing demands and preference of the customers is one the long-term goals, which the organization looks after. The manufacturer and perception of design, which are compatible to the design of cakes and bakery development, has been used to leverage the customer relationship in a more appropriate representation of driving the brand their scales (Fergusonplarre.com.au 2017). Progress Towards Goal Accomplishment The services and the management of the concerns follow a pattern evidently on the previous set of actions. Moreover, the involvement of fresh production by maintaining the best of the quality is one of the most important features of the baker house. The retention of the successful plans and programs for reaching out to the customer in the most exclusive way guarantees a well designed nature of events which are being internally updated and all the required resources are being provided in order to accomplish their innovative and new goals successfully. The progress is measured by personal interactions and strong feedback and team of analysts who are involved in reviewing the nature and culture of the bakery house (Beaver 2013). The management introduces a well approved analysis and checks of the development through supervisions that are effective for formulating future decisions and current approaches which can be exhausted for expanding the business and lead to an extensive impact with a global appeal. The management keeps a thorough check and derives feedback from various processes, which contributes to the well being of the business. The consistency and the research about loyalty in respect to the car of the customers and real analogy of the business are established through their exclusive integrity and development (qsrmedia.com 2017). Reference Andrews, M., 2014. Is the yellow cake rising?.Australia's Paydirt,1(221), p.10. Beaver, C., 2013. More than tofu and kaftans.MHD Supply Chain Solutions,43(5), p.38. Davila, C.A., Anderson, J.R., Schnoebelen, A. and Whitten, K.D., Decopac, Inc., 2016.Online decorating system for edible products. U.S. Patent 9,345,264. Hassan, N., Pazil, A.H.M., Idris, N.S. and Razman, N.F., 2013. A goal programming model for bakery production.Advances in Environmental Biology,7(1), pp.187-190. McLean, T., 2014.Grow Your Factory, Grow Your Profits: Lean for Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Enterprises. CRC Press. QSR Media. (2017). Ferguson Plarre Bakehouses gives one lucky girl birthday cakes for life. Wallace, P., 2013. Making a household name sustainable.Waste Management and Environment,24(1), p.44. Whichfranchise.net.au. 2017. Interview with Steve Plarre, Ferguson Plarre Bakehouses.

Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island

Japan has experienced many disasters that have caused massive loss of property and lives. In 1993, the Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Earthquake Tsunami hit Okushiri Island located to the west of Hokkaido. This disaster was identified as one of the major Tsunamis that have led to destruction of property and lives.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sources revealed that about 200 people were killed by the raging waters, and property worth about 66 billion Japanese Yen was damaged (Shuto, 2006). Fire outbreaks that resulted from destroyed power lines magnified the losses. Landslides were also rampant owing to the devastating effects of the earthquake. In Okushiri town, 29 people were killed by a landslide when a hotel built under a cliff succumbed to the strong forces of the quake (The Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, 2009). The eart hquake affected residents both economically and psychologically. The incident left many people traumatized for losing both their property and families. In 2004, another tsunami disaster was experienced on the Indian Ocean frontier. It was reported to be greatest in the land since 1900 (Kelman et al., 2006). In fact, it was reported to be the third largest tsunami in the world. Over 227, 000 people lost lives in 11 countries and about 1.7 million others were left homeless (Kelman et al., 2006). Many children died in the waters and fire outbreaks that resulted from faulty power lines and gas pipes. Statistics also showed that more women than men died. Apart from loss of lives, there was massive damage on coastal ecosystems, coastal forests, mangroves, coral reefs, and rock formations. Marine life was adversely affected and many sea animals died due to strong waves, industrial chemicals, and liquid and solid waste. This disaster had far-reaching economic impacts compared to the Japanâ €™s 1993 tsunami in Hokkaido. Several factors contributed to the impact of tsunami disasters. Concerning the 1993 tsunami disaster in Hokkaido Japan, the geographical location of the Onkushiri town was a major factor that multiplied the damages (Shuto, 2006). This area was hit by a tsunami whose tides reached magnitudes of 11 meters in height. As anticipated, the tide washed away buildings and caused massive destruction of coastal structures.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Massive destruction of coastal buildings was also attributed to an earthquake that was experienced on the shores of the sea. In addition, fire outbreaks also contributed to the devastating effects of the tsunami (Shuto, 2006). Just as was the case with the 1993 tsunami in Hokkaido, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami had far-reaching economic effects on the economies of affected countries. Geographic al location was one of the factors that contributed to the severity of the impacts. Coastal lands were massively destroyed by high forceful tides (Asian Disaster Preparedness Council, 2005). Vegetation and structures near the coastal waters were swept away. It can be argued that poor planning contributed to negative economic effects after the tsunami. Locating buildings and infrastructure near ocean shores was not a good idea (Asian Disaster Preparedness Council, 2005). In addition, the question of educating and passing information about dangers of tsunami contributed to massive loss of lives. Governments should have issued a warning to coastal residents in order to avert the disaster (Asian Disaster Preparedness Council, 2005). This would have avoided the massive deaths in one way or another. It is the responsibility of meteorological departments to ensure that in cases of threats such as tsunami, notices are issued to residents so that they can relocate before disaster strikes. Th e effects of tsunami in Japan could have been reduced if a well-established land use policy had been developed (Shuto, 2006). Such a policy would have prevented establishment of structures such as buildings on coastal areas that are vulnerable to tsunamis. If such areas have to be developed, strict design standards should be developed and followed to the letter (Shuto, 2006). In addition, increased awareness on tsunami risks could as well have reduced the number of deaths in the disaster. The government should also construct barriers along the coastline to protect land from rising tides. Similar mitigation or preventive procedures could have been used during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Establishment of strict building codes in areas that are exposed to tsunami inundation would have prevented massive destruction of buildings and other infrastructure (Kelman et al., 2006). It could as well have prevented destruction of power lines that caused fire outbreaks.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Oil pipelines should be removed from these places as a precautionary measure in order to reduce the possibility of fire outbreaks that result from broken fuel and gas pipes when quakes and tsunamis strike (UNESCO, 2006). Stringent land management policies would have prevented establishment of residential and business premises near seashores, and this would have averted the massive loss of lives. Enhanced public awareness both before and during the tsunami would have given people time to prepare and evade the disaster (Kelman et al., 2006). Governments in tsunami-prone areas should consider establishing warning systems that will alert people when such disasters strike or when they are about to occur. References Asian Disaster Preparedness Council. (2005). Social and Economic Impact of  December 2004 Tsunami. Web. Kelman, I., Spe nce, R., Palmer, J., Petal, M., and Saito, K. (2008). Tourists and disasters: lessons from the 26 December 2004 tsunamis. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 12(3), 105-113. Shuto, Nabuo. (2006). Damage and Reconstruction at Okushiri Town Caused by the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Earthquake Tsunami. Journal of Disaster Research, 2(1), 44-45. The Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2009). EM-DAT: The  OFDA/CRED International disaster database. Web. UNESCO. (2006). Five Years after the Tsunami in the Indian Ocean – from Strategy to  Implementation. Advancements in global early warning systems for tsunamis and other ocean hazards. Web.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This case study on Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island was written and submitted by user Stephanie Harvey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

dad essays

dad essays Eudora Weltys A Worn Path is a story that emphasizes the natural symbolism of the surroundings. As the story begins, we are introduced to our main character, Phoenix Jackson; she is described as a small, old Negro woman. I believe that the name Eudora Welty gives our main character is very symbolic. The legend of the Phoenix is about a fabled sacred bird of ancient Egyptians. The bird is said to come out of Arabia every 500 years to Heliopolis, where it burned itself on the altar and rose again from its ashes, young and beautiful. Phoenix, the women in the story, represents the myth of the bird because she is described as being elderly and near the end of her life. Phoenix can hardly walk and uses a cane made of an old umbrella to aid her. Her skin is described as old and wrinkly, but yet with a golden color running beneath it Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles and as though a whole little tree stood in the middle of her forehead, but a golden color r an underneath(55). Her skin tone represents the golden feathers of the Phoenix and her grandson represents the next Phoenix that will be given life when she dies. The trip to the city to get the medicine represents the mythological trip that the Phoenix takes to the sun to die. Most likely this journey along a worn path through the woods, will be one of her last. We are told of Phoenixs journey into the woods on a cold December morning. Although we are know that she is traveling through woodland, the author refrains from telling us the reason for this journey. In the midst of Phoenixs travels, Eudora Welty describes the scene: Deep, deep the road went down between the high green-colored banks. Overhead the live-oaks met, and it was as dark as a cave (Welty 55). The gloomy darkness that the author has created to surround Phoenix in this scene is quite a contrast to the small Negro womans positive ou...

Love Actually Quotes

Love Actually Quotes The 2003 movie Love Actually emphasizes the funny side of love through an interesting series of plots and subplots. The movie follows eight couples- each telling a tale of love and adding a fresh perspective. Their tales are loosely interconnected, and all are set during a month before Christmas in London. If you are in love  or have been in love, you will empathize with the characters in Love Actually. Hugh Grant, Billy Bob Thornton, Laura Linney, and others put in terrific performances. Check out the quotes to reminisce about the movie. Judy All I want for Christmas is you. Aurelia  [in Portuguese] I will miss you. And your very slow typing... and your very bad driving.Thank you. That will be nice. Yes is being my answer. Easy question. Juliet All I want is just one shot of me in a wedding dress that isnt bright turquoise. Sam But you know the thing about romance is people only get together right at the very end.Lets go get the shit kicked out of us by love. Karen True love lasts a lifetime.Weve never got friendly. I just wanted to say I hope that can change. Im nice, I really am, apart from my terrible taste in pie. And it would be great if we could be friends.Get a grip; people hate sissies. No ones ever going to shag you if you cry all the time.The trouble with being the Prime Ministers sister is it does put your life into a rather harsh perspective. What did my brother do today? He stood up and fought for his country. And what did I do? I made a paper-mache lobster head. Karl Life is full of interruptions and complications. Mia Ill just be hanging around the mistletoe, hoping to be kissed. Billy Mack When I was young and successful, I was greedy and foolish, and now Im left with no one ... wrinkled and alone. Jamie [in Portuguese] Beautiful Aurelia, Ive come here with a view of asking you to marriage me. I know I  seems  an insane person- because I hardly  knows  you- but sometimes things are so transparency, they dont need evidential proof. And I will inhabit here, or you can inhabit with me in England.Christmas is a time for people with someone they love in their lives. Daniel Youve seen the films, kiddo. It aint over til its over.Jo and I had, uh, a lot of time to prepare for this moment. Some of her, uh, requests- for instance, that I should bring Claudia Schiffer as my date to the funeral- I was confident she expected me to ignore.Tell her that you love her. Youve got nothing to lose, and youll always regret it if you dont. Colin American girls would seriously dig me with my cute British accent.I am Colin. God of sex. Im just on the wrong continent, thats all.Im on Shag Highway heading west. Sarah Hello, darling. No, no, Im not busy. No ... fire away. Prime Minister I had an uncle called Terence once. Hated him. I think he was a pervert. But I very much like the look of you.Who do you have to screw around here to get a cup of tea and a chocolate biscuit?

Love Actually Quotes

Love Actually Quotes The 2003 movie Love Actually emphasizes the funny side of love through an interesting series of plots and subplots. The movie follows eight couples- each telling a tale of love and adding a fresh perspective. Their tales are loosely interconnected, and all are set during a month before Christmas in London. If you are in love  or have been in love, you will empathize with the characters in Love Actually. Hugh Grant, Billy Bob Thornton, Laura Linney, and others put in terrific performances. Check out the quotes to reminisce about the movie. Judy All I want for Christmas is you. Aurelia  [in Portuguese] I will miss you. And your very slow typing... and your very bad driving.Thank you. That will be nice. Yes is being my answer. Easy question. Juliet All I want is just one shot of me in a wedding dress that isnt bright turquoise. Sam But you know the thing about romance is people only get together right at the very end.Lets go get the shit kicked out of us by love. Karen True love lasts a lifetime.Weve never got friendly. I just wanted to say I hope that can change. Im nice, I really am, apart from my terrible taste in pie. And it would be great if we could be friends.Get a grip; people hate sissies. No ones ever going to shag you if you cry all the time.The trouble with being the Prime Ministers sister is it does put your life into a rather harsh perspective. What did my brother do today? He stood up and fought for his country. And what did I do? I made a paper-mache lobster head. Karl Life is full of interruptions and complications. Mia Ill just be hanging around the mistletoe, hoping to be kissed. Billy Mack When I was young and successful, I was greedy and foolish, and now Im left with no one ... wrinkled and alone. Jamie [in Portuguese] Beautiful Aurelia, Ive come here with a view of asking you to marriage me. I know I  seems  an insane person- because I hardly  knows  you- but sometimes things are so transparency, they dont need evidential proof. And I will inhabit here, or you can inhabit with me in England.Christmas is a time for people with someone they love in their lives. Daniel Youve seen the films, kiddo. It aint over til its over.Jo and I had, uh, a lot of time to prepare for this moment. Some of her, uh, requests- for instance, that I should bring Claudia Schiffer as my date to the funeral- I was confident she expected me to ignore.Tell her that you love her. Youve got nothing to lose, and youll always regret it if you dont. Colin American girls would seriously dig me with my cute British accent.I am Colin. God of sex. Im just on the wrong continent, thats all.Im on Shag Highway heading west. Sarah Hello, darling. No, no, Im not busy. No ... fire away. Prime Minister I had an uncle called Terence once. Hated him. I think he was a pervert. But I very much like the look of you.Who do you have to screw around here to get a cup of tea and a chocolate biscuit?

The Attitude and Action of York University Students with Regard to Research Paper

The Attitude and Action of York University Students with Regard to Medical Transplant and Organ Donation - Research Paper Example This research was driven by five objectives namely: to establish how students in York University (YU) perceive organ transplants (OT); to investigate the incidence of OT in the United States of America; to establish the attitude of students in YU towards medical transplants and organ donations; to identify the action of YU towards OT; and to identify countermeasures that can be put in place so that students in YU embrace and perceive OT positively. Chapter one of the study included the background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, study objectives, research questions, significance of the study, limitations of the study, scope of the study, assumption of study and definition of terms. Chapter two of the study offers an outline of medical transplants and organ donations. These ideas are going to introduce key concepts and understandings that link to the purpose and field of research. Chapter three describes the research design that provides information regard ing the population of the study, sample size and sampling procedure, instrumentation, data collection and data analysis techniques. Chapter four deals with data presentation and analysis; after data collection, the data was recorded. This data was interpreted and analyzed in order to draw varied conclusions from it, and gather meaningful information. Chapter five illustrates the summary of findings based on the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered. Keywords: organ transplant, organ donation CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study Organ transplantation refers to the surgical removal of one or many organs from one person (the donor) to place it into the body of another person (the recipient) commonly for medical reasons. In most cases, the donated organs are derived from dead people, but in some times, these organs can be removed from living beings (Ballard, 2009). Commonly transplanted organs are the liver, kidney, pancreas, intestines, heart, liver an d lungs. Commonly transplanted tissues include the middle ear, skin, bone, heart valves, tendons, ligaments, stem cells, blood, platelets, cartilage and the cornea. The need for organ transplantation in the US and in the world as a whole has continued to rise in the recent past. Numbers of those needing OT in the USA, and in the world in general have continued to rise, even exceeding the available donors for this procedure. The shortage is so massive such that, approximately 20 OT patients die daily due to the afore-mentioned shortage. Statistics have revealed that over 4000 people register to undergo the procedure every month. Furthermore, about 80 people receive new organs every day in the US alone (Durrette, 2009). 1.2 Statement of the Problem For all its benefits and success, OT has received various criticisms and ethical concerns, which has reduced the number of people who are willing to donate organs. Various attitudes exist concerning the practice, and this is impacting negat ively on the success rate of the procedure (Finn, 2010). Unless these are addressed, the bridge between organ donors and recipients will keep increasing. 1.3 Purpose of Study The purpose of the study is to determine the attitude and action of York University students with regard to medical

Personal Statement for the University Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

For the University - Personal Statement Example Studying an undergraduate degree on Accounting and Finance in University of Exeter gave me greater insights into how the subject and the function of accounting within business help to define the process. During my first year compulsory modules, Business Law for Accountants, I understood and demonstrated knowledge of the legal systems in the UK and the principle features of business law. The Hong Kong legal systems are based on the UK system and so although this module was UK-based.Knowledge of the law can help me in dealing with unexpected difficulties. During my holiday in 2011, I have travelled to a new villa in the Maldives for vacation with my friends. During this 1 week holiday, my friends and I were promised by a travel agency that there was a bar and English speakers on premise. However, when we arrived, they spoke very poor English and the bar only opened once during the week. As such, we are very disappointed with the journey. When I came back to Hong Kong, I filed suit agai nst the travel contract by applying the case "Jarvis v Swan Tours (1973)" which I had learned in my business law module. Finally, I held to be entitled to damages for my disappointment. As a result, I received 1/3 of the cost of my holiday as well as receiving â€Å"disappointment damages† for the holiday. Due to the fact that I was able to apply the case law I was familiar with in order to positively affect my own life as well as the life of my friends, I have become greatly more interested in better understanding the nuances of the law.

Reimbursement and Pay for Service Essay Example for Free

Reimbursement and Pay for Service Essay Introduction In this paper we will discuss what pay for performance is and explain what the reimbursement affect is. In this paper it will show how the system figures out cost reduction and the impact of the quality care patients receive. How does reimbursement and pay for performance affect the physicians? Does this affect us now and will it in the future? Health care has been changing dramatically because of history, political and social along with economical reasons. Reimbursement and pay for performance can and may even change the quality of care. Pay-for-performance because our current payment system we are using is not emphasizing preventive care for patients or consumers. Pay-for-Performance is payment used in the health care it is and has been based off of clinical information. The idea is to help tie the payment to what and how well providers help the cost of health care drop. The intent is for preventive care medicine to helping decrease and help with the management of chronic illness. (Pay-for-Performance Incentive Programs in Health Care ( N.D.) With in several months studies have shown that the studies show that the pay for performance works and others that say it does not work. Effect of Pay-for-Performance on Reimbursement Here are some examples of pay for performance is Bridges of Excellent, which is a nonprofit health care plan. Its major factor is patients with diabetes. They feel like over 60% of patients with diabetes don’t get the proper treatment and care. The American Diabetes Association has standards and the Bridges to excellent plan gives annual bonuses to physicians in specific areas such as Boston, Louisville and Cincinnati these cities could and have meet the requirements of this health care plan. On this plan Diabetic care calls for the patient being compliant with care and medications. In this plan the blood sugar test and kidney function and retinal exams would have  to be done on a consistent bases. In this plan compensation is up to and over $100.00 per patient for the providers that stick to the rules. Another plan is Anthem Indianapolis this plan started in 1999 that employed over 25 OBGYN providers in Ohio. This is the oldest plan within the US. This plan is done on and by patient satisfaction. Providers push generic drugs instead of name brand ones. Pay For Performance Pay for performance is a movement in health care field. Providers under this arrangement are rewarded for meeting pre-established target dates for specific health care services or procedures. This is also known as P4P or â€Å"value-based purchasing,† this rewards physicians, clinics, and rehabilitation centers, Surgical clinics, hospitals, medical groups, and other healthcare providers. They are rewarded for meeting certain performance measures, as well as quality and efficiency. (Wachter, Bob; (2012) Pay for performance does things such as eliminating payments for negative consequences of care. Which can be medical errors from all health care providers. Errors have increased costs. With increase of seasoned senior citizens and disability patients the high rising cost of health care has brought the P4P to the front of the line. Brought P4P to the forefront of health policy discussions. There have been some studies done by several large healthcare systems. With this it has shown improvements with specific outcomes. A little efficie ncy has taken effect, but at no cost savings. How much are they really saving because the cost of administrative services is still required. Explains how reimbursement is affected by the pay-for- performance approach. Within the last decade or years the economy has had many people becoming unemployed and finding jobs at a lower pay rate as to where they cannot afford insurance because they are to high. With being done more people are applying for Medicaid and with all the seasoned senior citizens retiring and receiving Medicare these two insurances are already participating in this service. Majority of health care systems are participating. Many believe  that for- profit and non-for-profit health care facilities believe in lower cost for providers that meet the standards of quality care. Care field. There is a perception that cost is driving up health care treatment. Cost reductions lowers cost of visits, emergence room visits, and urgent care visits. It also helps providers to promote preventive care to their patients. Making sure that all hospitals and providers are on the same scale of service. Preventive care helps prevent insurance premiums from rising at cost to the company and consumer. Effect of Pay-for-Performance health care Providers and their Patients This plan has the support of providers, hospitals and even patients. With this pay for providers must have and use good judgment for treatment and medication and test that maybe ran. The health care cannot be rated by race, ethnic background, or the patient’s social status. This plan should not judge by a patient’s location. This plan is and should be a relationship between patient and provider. The provider needs to understand the patients beliefs and it may help them to treat them and respond to certain myths and recommendations that the provider may suggest. Hospitala and providers and helat care workers are being encouraged to buy into the P4P by different agencies and tahe government. Individual health plans area chiming in also. It has pros and cons such as weakness that may or may not improve health care. It is suppose to help lower or slow down ER visits and physicians visits. Now if the providers give quality and efficent care they would and could get financial rewards if patient care improves. P4P measures performance and policy set up for putting this service in action. Discusses the effects pay-for-performance will have on the future of health care The P4P effects that will be seen in the future of health care is that the health care field will see it expand. Pay-for-Performance-defined a reimbursement service that will have links to payments for quality care, which will be an incentive to help improve health care quality of patients by physicians, and hospitals. In improving health care it is suppose to reduce the cost of It was expected that hospitals and providers would respond to P4P incentives. For future health care will based on quality health care and it will become a contract for reimbursement. Patients should feel like they have gotten the  value of their money. One effect of future health care is those physicians and hospitals that don’t participate will be at less to receive patients. Patients that have this health care plan will be more apt to seek physicians that participate. (Goldberg, L; (2006) Conclusion People in the health care field are getting interested in the pay for performance because the health care guidelines and regulations are changing in Medicaid, Medicare and private insurance. More hospitals and clinics and specialty facilities and rehab centers are loving receiving incentives for their participation and in the process they are saving cost to patients and insurance companies. P4P is working with insurance companies and providers for the quality of care for patients to be improved. Now managed care is now looking at pay for performance. Reimbursement being linked to pay for performance is like being paid to shop for the best bargain or the most person to fit your needs.

Hijacking the Web :: Browser Hijacking Internet Technology Essays

Hijacking the Web There are certain things we take for granted. The sun will rise in the morning. I will go to class from 8 to 9:30 in the morning. My cat will greet me at the door when I get home. I will start up Internet Explorer, and Yahoo.com will appear as my homepage. All of those events happened last Tuesday except for one. As a frequent user of the Internet, I like specific settings for the programs I use. I have personal preferences set for AOL Instant Messenger, Outlook Express, and especially for Microsoft Internet Explorer. As sad as it may be, I have a routine when I get home from class. The first thing I do is check my email. Then I browse the news on Yahoo.com. I like to know what is going on in the world, and Yahoo News provides that information. However, last Tuesday when I started up Internet Explorer, Yahoo.com did not appear as my homepage. Instead, I was taken to an alternate search engine, one I had never heard of. Since I am so particular in my Internet settings, I knew for a fa ct that it was not I who had changed my start up page. Author Mike Healan and many others describe this practice as hijacking. â€Å"There is a despicable trend that is becoming more and more common where the browser settings of web surfers are being forcibly hijacked by malicious web sites and software that. . . modifies your default start and search pages† (Healan). Naturally, I went to the options menu and changed the home page back to Yahoo.com. Thinking far too highly of my computer savvy skills, I thought I had fixed the problem. Wednesday afternoon rolled around, and I proceeded with the usual routine: sun, class, cat, Internet, etc. At my computer, I started up Internet Explorer expecting to see the all-to-familiar Yahoo website on my screen. To my shock and horror, the anomalous search engine popped up in Yahoo’s place. I will spare the reader from repeating the long string of colorful metaphors that I used in reaction to seeing this. Nevertheless, I knew that I would have to resort to more drastic actions. In my Writing for the Web course, the topic of spyware was discussed at length. One student recommended a piece of freeware that prevented malicious programs from changing settings and sending unwanted information to various shady businessmen.

Lord Of The Flies- How Does Jack Become Leader? Essay

From the beginning of the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, it is immediately obvious that Jack does not like the idea of Ralph being the chief of the boys.By the end of the book he successfully acquires the position he works towards. The idea of Jack being a leader is first portrayed by Jack ordering his choir in â€Å"army† type maneuvers to the first meeting . Jack bellows at his choir , â€Å"Choir!’ stand still!† his choir wearily responds obediently. Jacks first priority to secure his position as chief is to shut down Piggy , who is the man with the ideas in Ralph’s democratic rule. From the beginning Jack cunningly uses the fact that piggy is the â€Å"scapegoat† to constantly break down Piggy’s ideas with the view that once Piggy’s gone, then Ralph has little intelligence to support his views. He is helped greatly in this field as most of the tribe use piggy to make fun of but not in the same extremity as that of Jack. Psychologically is the way that Jack begins his torment towards piggy and as the book progresses so did his level of control. His demeaning words turn towards violence and his violence eventually leads to Piggy’s death. Jack understands that in order to persuade the children to side with him he would need some sort of a bait. Due to the condition on the island the most appropriate inducement is the lure of hunting. However any other form of pleasure could have been used so long as it appeared to be free from tyranny (Ralph’s orders to be rescued). The hunting starts off for enjoyment and food then quickly grows to be a tribal ritual of bloodlust , dancing and violence. Jack knows in order to become chief he not only can rely on the lure of hunting.He uses cunning and manipulative strategies to illustrate a false image of himself praying on the innocence of the â€Å"littluns’. Perhaps the greatest instance in which this occurs is when jack gives a manipulative apology after not following orders to keep the fire lit resulting in not being rescued by a passing ship.†All right, all right!’ he looked at Piggy , at the hunters, at Ralph. â€Å"I’m sorry. About the fire, I  mean. There. I-† He drew himself up. â€Å"-I apologize.† Once again his sinister apology targeted at the innocence of the younger members, concluded in the naà ¯ve â€Å"littluns† believing that Ralph was somehow in the wrong and not jack. â€Å"Clearly they were of the opinion that jack had done the decent thing, had put himself in the right by his generous apology and Ralph, obscurely in the wrong.† Possibly the most powerful campaign Jack used to become chief, was to use force and fear together to drive the intimidated children to side with him. Most of the time Jack displays his force on Piggy which in turn puts fear into the minds of the others. As the break up of rules and regulations in the society grow larger so to does the force and fear eventually leading to the death of children. By this stage in the novel it seems inedible that anyone not with jack would be either forced to join his tribe of savages or face death. Reflecting on the novel it is clear to see how Jack becomes a leader and sure enough the power hungry dictator-leader of the choir we are introduced to at the start, only grows more violent and more manipulative to become the Chief of the island.

Frederick Douglass How I Learned to Read and Write Essay

During the 1800’s, the institution of slavery was still ongoing in the few slave states left in America. Slavery was still proving to be unjust and unfair, not allowing for African Americans to be considered equals. However, some slaves were able to overcome the many restrictions and boundaries that slavery forced upon them. In Frederick Douglass’ essay â€Å"Learning to Read and Write,† Douglass portrays himself as an intelligent and dignified slave who’s able to overcome the racial boundaries placed upon him. Frederick Douglass saw that his only pathway to freedom was through literacy, so his goal was to learn how to read and write no matter the circumstances. Douglass realized becoming a literate slave was considered as having too much power because it made him aware of unjust circumstances of slavery. For a slave to become literate wasn’t tolerated. If a slaves knew how to read and write, it would make them unfit for being slaves. At the age of twelve, Frederick Douglass manipulates his circumstances caused by slavery and uses various stratagems to learn how to read and write. Eager to learn, Douglass manipulated his circumstances under slavery to become literate. At first, Master Hugh’s wife had started tutoring Douglass, teaching him the alphabet. These lessons continued until she was further instructed by her husband not to do so. He believed that if slaves could read and write they would no longer obey him without question or thought. Due to this belief, tutoring ended abruptly. Masters Hugh’s wife carried out her husband’s commands, but she also tried to prevent Douglass from becoming educated by anyone else either. However, Douglass was able to obtain newspapers and or various books to further his education. The mistress and her husband demonstrated with their actions and beliefs during this time, that slavery and education were incompatible. However, Douglass had already taken the first step in his eager pursuit to literacy. Douglass’ quest for literacy led him to use various stratagems in order to learn how to read. Douglass had already gained command of the alphabet, so he devised a plan to become friends with poor white children whom he met on errands and to use them as teachers. He paid for his reading lessons with pieces of bread. By meeting at various times and places, he had finally succeeded in learning to read. With the little money he had earned doing errands, he bought a copy of The Columbian Orator (The common text for schools in New England at the time). Douglass was particularly interested in a dialogue in The Columbian Orator, one pertaining to a slave being emancipated after trying to escape for the third time. The dialogue consisted of a conversation between the master and the slave. The slave had proven he was intelligent with the smart and impressive replies to the master in the dialogue, thus leading to the emancipation of the slave on behalf of the master. Douglass learned the morality of the power of truth over conscience in the dialogue, which made him envious. The more Frederick Douglass learned, the more slavery became a burden. Douglass had become more aware of the unjustness of slavery and the social forces placed upon his people because of it. Knowingly, Douglass was determined to overcome these social forces and become a freed slave. Becoming more aware of his situation in society, Douglass felt wretched by his condition and sought to learn to write in order to better it. After he realized the strongholds and stipulations held upon him, Douglass sought to hear anything he can about slavery. Douglass became fascinated with the word abolition, and not knowing what it meant bothered him. Douglass, eager to find the meaning of the word, picked up a newspaper containing an account of petitions for the abolition of slavery and slave trade. It was not long before Frederick realized what the word now meant. Young Douglass was enlightened with new ideas that both tormented and inspired him. He soon began to detest slavery, and he knew that writing was the final step to fulfill his plight to become literate. So Douglass traveled to Mr. Water’s Wharf where he met two Irishmen who felt sorry for him being a slave and advised him to run away. However, Douglass believed that if he learned to write he could possible write his own ticket out of slavery. With this new found idea, he traveled to Durgin and Bailey’s ship-yard where he learned to write by using abbreviations. Different abbreviations stood for various areas on the ship where the timber was to be placed. He soon learned the names of the abbreviated letters and challenged the boys who had taught him to read, in writing contests. This method, along with his rigorous copying of words from various copy-books and Webster’s Spelling Book, allowed Douglass to finally become a literate black male in America. Frederick Douglass was able to overcome the social boundaries and conflicts that slavery forced upon him in his quest for literacy. Although his journey was hard and against all odds, Douglass knew that his only escape from the narrow-minded world of slavery was to be able to become educated. With his literacy came power and his ability to write his own ticket. Frederick Douglass’ aspiration for a becoming an equal citizen in America was astounding. He overcame the stipulations and restrictions that slavery forced upon him. When he wanted to give up all hope, his search for freedom and wellbeing was his motivation.

Strategic Audit

Strategic Audit Executive Summary The global sportswear industry is becoming one of the most competitive industries in the world. One of the main companies that operate in the industry is the Adidas Group. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a strategic audit of the Adidas Group.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Audit Adidas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper has taken a diversified approach of analysis; internal analysis and external analysis. Various models of analyses have been applied in the paper, and they include PEST and the Porter’s analysis. The analysis was aimed at capturing the strategies of the company and how they help it to adapt to the competitive forces in the industry. The findings from the analysis point out that Adidas is still competitive in the industry. The competitiveness has been enhanced through focus on the global approach of management. Introduction According to Slack (2004 ), the global sports industry is growing at a quick pace due to commercialization of sports. The number of sporting events has been rising each day, thus attracting more people directly and indirectly into the sporting industry. In the contemporary times, the sports industry has a wide number of stakeholders. The most critical question to ask is what the growth of the sporting industry implies for the business world. The growth of the global sporting industry has attracted many business players in the sporting industry by presenting the opportunity to supply the sporting infrastructure and equipment. There are a substantial number of companies that deal in the global sporting industry (Andreff Szymanski 2005). Adidas is one of the companies that have operated in the global sporting industry for an extended period of time. The Adidas company is a Germany based multinational company that deals in the manufacturing and designing of sporting ware and equipment, which include balls, spo rting uniforms and clothes, shoes, sports bags, footwear, watches, and eyewear among others.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company was founded in the year 1920. However, the main operations of the company can be traced from the year 1948, though there had been a lot of developments years back prior to the decision to open the company. The global headquarters of Adidas are in Herzogenaurach. Adidas acts as the main holding company for the Adidas group, which is comprised of Rockport, Reebok sportswear company and the Taylor-made Adidas golf company. The company is considered as the most dominant sportswear company in Germany and the entire Europe, while globally, Adidas is ranked as the second most competitive sportswear company. The company sells its products in over 200 countries across the globe. Though faced with competition from other companies in the wo rld, Adidas has remained to be outstanding through the continued display of creativity in design and production of its products (Bajak 2010). External Analysis As mentioned earlier, there is a growth in the global sporting industry, which has attracted many players in the global sportswear industry in which Adidas operates. As competition keeps mounting a company should keep investing in its strengths and limit its weaknesses by capitalizing on the opportunities that prevail in the business environment. As the global sporting industry keeps expanding, sportswear companies keep coming up so as to meet the demands and capitalize on the business opportunities in the industry (Slack 2004). Strengths The strength of a company within the industry lies in a wide variety of developments. One of the key business initiatives that give company strength and competitiveness in production and the market is the brand of the company. Through the over 64 years of operation in the global sportswear i ndustry, Adidas has established a very strong brand in the industry.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Audit Adidas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The logo of the company, the three stripes and the originality of the products of the company, has given the company a resounding name in the industry. The company has established a portfolio of strong brands in the global market, which makes it have a stronger market position over most of its competitors (Motion, Leitch Brodie 2003). Through the strong brand portfolio, the company’s ability to develop a strong retail footprint in diverse markets is enhanced (Joseph 2013). The brands of the Adidas Group include: Adidas, Rockport, Reebok, TaylorMade and Ashworth. Just like Nike, its biggest competitor in the market, the logo and quality of products by Adidas gives the company a competitive edge over Nike and other companies in the industry. Through its brand, the company has managed to attain customer loyalty across a wider section of the global sporting industry. Adidas is considered by many people as a global brand through its increased investment in design and the subsequent production of high quality and diverse products (Braun 2008). Customer loyalty is a key contributing factor to the development and expansion of the company in the market. Having managed to dominate Europe, which is one of the world’s largest sporting regions, the company has managed to retain the second position in terms of the global market share. As at the end of the year 2010, Adidas had a global market share of 21%, coming second from Nike which had an average market share of 30%. This is considered to be strength since the company has not slipped from this position for a long time, and the percentage of market share keeps rising (Bajak 2010). Besides being a manufacturer of sportswear products, Adidas also venture into the development of sports technology. This makes the company come out strong in the market. Through the venture in sports technology, the company is able to come up with sporting tools and equipment that meet the modern standards of sporting (Bajak 2010).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As one of the market leaders in the sportswear industry, Adidas benefits from the economies of scale. The company produces large quantities of products, which makes it easy to avail its goods to a wide market. Through this, the company puts itself in a better position to beat other smaller companies in the market. The company was the main supplier of footwear during the 2010 world cup (Bajak 2010). Opportunities Andreff and Andreff (2009) observed that the developing markets in the world have been coming up at a quick pace, which denotes the presence of a new market for the company. These markets are found in Asia, Latin America and Asia, where the sporting industry is being molded in order to match the sporting industry in the United States and Europe. Adidas has been monitoring the growth in the sports industry in these regions. These regions form the newer markets for the company. In the modern times, different companies make attempts to use all the probable means to expand their market base. The continued focus on the merging markets of the company has been crucial in increasing the revenue of the company (Bajak 2010). The continued growth in information and communication technology presents a lot of marketing opportunities for the company. As part of the market strategy initiative, the company is embracing internet marketing. Internet marketing is one of the platforms of marketing that has proven to be quite efficient for marketing enhancement in a substantial number of companies in the world today (Yaveroglu Donthu 2008). As the new markets develop information and communication technologies, the company is quickly matching this pace by enhancing online retailing, besides the normal retailing in these markets. Information technology, social; media, blogs and websites, offers the company an opportunity to communicate with its customers, thereby maintaining a sound relationship with them (Shimp 2010). Threats As has been known for a long time, the quality of the Adidas products is accompanied by the corresponding relatively high prices. However, there is a lot of rationalization in both the sports market due to the entry of numerous small players. One notable thing is that the new players produce similar products, but at a low price. Therefore, there is a high threat from the presence of the increased entry of substitute products in the market. The current slump down of the global economy also poses economic threats to the company. This problem is compounded by the entry of new companies in the industry, which are capitalizing on the economic situation and the desire of customers to get products at attractive prices (Newbery 2009). In the recent times, a lot of concerns about counterfeit products have been raised by a substantial number of companies in the world. The sportswear industry is listed among the industries that are most affected by counterfeit products (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1998). Being o ne of the leading companies in the industry, Adidas is not an exception. The question of counterfeit and duplication of Adidas products was raised quite long ago. As the contemporary business era is marked by volatile business activities, the company is bound to lose billions of dollars in the coming years due to the increasing availability of counterfeit products in the market. Already, the company has lost a substantial amount of money due to duplication of its products and the marketing of such products using its brands. The efforts to counter production of fake goods have not borne positive results yet as there are cartels of businessmen in the sports industry who coordinate the business. There are still a lot of challenges in the implementation of laws that are meant for eliminating counterfeit products from the market (Massow 2013; Jack 2008). Internal analysis The internal environment of any company plays a great role in increasing the efficiency of production, thereby increa sing the competitiveness of the company. The virtue of long existence in the market has aided Adidas in learning from the business environment, thereby developing strategies that have enabled it to enhance a better internal environment. The company operates within the global sportswear industry, which is considered to be very competitive (Bajak 2010). Internal strengths One of the main internal strengths of the company is its investment in innovation. The management of the company has realized the essence of maintaining the company in the market through the embrace of creativity. Research and development is the key to innovative technologies in the products of the company. Research and development is the key to product innovation in any given company. RD often puts the company in a better position to come up with newer and more exciting brands, which attract a new ray of customers. The company embraces technology in the improvement of its products in the market. Adidas was the first company to produce the first smart sporting shoe that had a microchip and a wireless mp3 player. The aim of research and development in the company is to go beyond the fulfillment of their customer needs. Each year, the company strives to come up with at least one revolutionary technology in the market. This presents a great opportunity for the company as it can enable Adidas to position itself in the market as a technology leader in the industry. The company embraces sustainability of the environment in its new technology by utilizing production systems that are friendly to the environment (Addidas Group 2012). Figure 1.0 below shows the amount of money, in million Euros, that has been spent in research and development by the company for the last five years. In the graph, it is evident that expenditure in research and development has been increasing each year, which justifies the current innovative ability in the products of the company. Figure 1.0 Research and Development expens es (million Euros). Source: Adidas Group 2011. As a multinational company, Adidas has firms that are spread in different parts of the world. In order to tackle the business challenges in each part of the world, the company management implements different strategies depending on the area in which each particular subsidiary is located. This makes the company more flexible in terms of the management of employees and functions in diverse global cultures. This is a factor that boosts the ability of the company to deal with the challenges of management in different parts of the world (Solomon Schell 2009). The management of Adidas has a global business mindset, a feature that is desired in managing multinational companies. According to Puris (1999), the management through acquisition has helped the Adidas Group to boost the market position of the company as it increases the number of brands of the company. The acquisition of Reebok, it is argued, has helped the company to gain a 20 perce nt share in the US market for which it did not have access due to the dominance of the market by competitor companies like nike and Puma (Arends Preuschat 2007). There is a high sense of corporate social responsibility in the company. Corporate social activities in the company are implemented in a twofold way; focus on clean technologies in the company’s products and the sponsorship of events. This has made the company to be ranked among the top 100 sustainable companies in the world. The company has a sustainability website, where it engages audiences on matters of sustainability in production. This is one way through which the company attains a high level of publicity for their products to the wider market (Addidas Group 2008). In the year 2012, Adidas announced massive sponsorships. The company brokered agreements with the Japan Football Association in which it will sponsor a Japan’s football team in the 2014 World Cup event. The other sponsorship deal was made bet ween Adidas and the Olympic committee of Australia, in which the company will sponsor the Olympic team of Australia in the upcoming Olympics event. The company has also signed a sponsorship partnership with the NBA (Addidas Group 2012). Weakness The main weakness of the company is that the acquisition, especially Reebok has not worked well for the company due to the low performance of Reebok, especially outside the United States. Therefore, the company has not been able to get the anticipated return on investment from Reebok. This corporate move has not counted well with Adidas and still poses a challenge to the financial outcomes of the company (Gaughan 2011). The company operates under a high cost structure. This limits the ability of Adidas to maximize its profits in the market. The product line of the company is also limited, which makes it hard for the company to expand business opportunities in the market. The prevailing inflationary pressure in the market is another undoing o f the company since it exerts pressure on the prices of raw materials that are used by the company (Bajak 2010). Summary SWOT Strengths A high sense of corporate social responsibility and the embrace of sustainability in managing production. Widespread operations across the globe. The cultivation of strong brands in the global sportswear industry. Global strategy of management Strong performance arising from the successful participation in the 2010 FIFA World Cup. An intense level of adoption of integrated marketing communication practices. Stable financial position amidst the global economic backdrop. The embrace of sports technology. Weakness Managing under a high cost structure. Poor performance of Reebok. Weak performance in a number of major sportswear markets. Manufacturing via third party. Changing patterns in the global consumption demands. Opportunities The growth and development of the emerging markets. Sponsorship agreements as a benefit of corporate social responsib ility. Growth in information and communication technology usage in the market. Change in consumer lifestyle, which is accompanied by the growth of the footwear market across the globe. The revival of Reebok. Threats The growth in the production and availing of counterfeit products in the market. The increase in the number of substitute products from competitor companies. The rising cost of production materials. Price fluctuations in the international market. Strategy Evaluation As noted in the analysis of the company, it can be said that the global sportswear industry is quite competitive, which requires companies that operate in the industry to master the competitive environment (Spillan 2010). Adidas is one of the companies that have operated in the sportswear industry for an extended period of time. While this is an advantage for the company, it does not exempt it from the competitive pressures emanating from the industry. There is a wide range of companies in the industry, so me of which have operated in the industry for quite long. Adidas can be termed as a brilliant company due to the strategies that are applied by the company. The value of a company’s strategy is often measured by the level at which they help the company capitalize on the opportunities and the elimination of the threats. Most of the strengths of Adidas resonate from the fact that the company has been able to capitalize on the opportunities that are present in the market. These include the ability to enter the emerging markets, the use of technology in production and marketing and the embrace of corporate social activities. These strategies have been critical in countering the likely impacts of the threats that are facing the company. Problems/ Challenges and recommendation As observed, a number of threats remain to press down the company. These include the problem of counterfeit products. The company is yet to come up with a workable strategy for eliminating counterfeit product s. However, the problem affects all the major companies in the industry and collective efforts are being made to address the threat. The continued adoption and application of global approaches of management helps the company to attain competitive strength in the global market. The problem of performance of Reebok, which has been an impediment to the performance of the company, can be sorted through restructuring of the Reebok Brand. Currently, the Adidas brand is seen as a Euro-sport brand. There is need to restructure the brand into both a USA-sport and the Euro-sport brand. This will enable the company to penetrate the US market. Conclusion As has been observed in the paper, it can be concluded that the global sport wear industry is competitive. The industry is marked by both opportunities and challenges. In spite of the challenges in the industry, Adidas remains to be a competitive player in the industry. The competitive strengths of Adidas are drawn from the managerial quality o f the company. The global inclination of management forms he main managerial strength for Addidas. Other areas of strength in the company include the embrace of technology in products and the focus on the emerging markets of the globe. The main threats to the performance of Adidas are the increase in substitutes and the amount of counterfeiting in the global market. Reference List Addidas Group 2008, Corporate responsibility report 2007, adidas-group.com/us/SER2007/pdf/adidas_SER2007_online.pdf Addidas Group 2012, Annual Report 2011, http://adidas-group.corporate-publications.com/2011/gb/en/group-management-report-our-group/research-and-development.html Andreff, M Andreff, W 2009, ‘Global trade in sports goods: International specialization of major trading countries’, European Sport Management Quarterly, vol. 9 no. 3, pp. 259-294. Andreff, W Szymanski, S 2005, Handbook on the economics of sport, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Arends, H Preuschat, A 2007, Adidas isnt getti ng traction in north america from reebok. Wall Street Journal, http://ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/399062991?accountid=13631 Bajak, D 2010, Adidas strategic analysis: 2011 † 2016, davidbajak.com/docs/strategy/David%20Bajak%20-%20Adidas%20Group%20Strategic%20Analysis%20FINAL.pdf Braun, J 2008, Strategic sports marketing the impact of sport advertising upon consumers: Adidas a case study, Grin-Verl, München. Gaughan, PA 2011, Mergers, acquisitions, and corporate restructurings, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. Jack, L 2008, Analysis: Two stripes and the competition is out?, Marketing Week, 8-8, http://ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/228205004?accountid=13631 Joseph, S 2013, Adidas unveils new global brand strategy. Marketing Week (Online), http://ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1285536013?accountid=13631 Motion, J, Leitch, S Brodie, RJ 2003, Equity in corporate co-branding: T he case of adidas and the all blacks, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 37 no. 7, pp. 1080-1094. Newbery, M 2009, Global market review of active sportswear and athletic footwear forecasts to 2016: 2009 edition: Chapter 5 the active sportswear and athletic footwear market, 2007-2009. Bromsgrove, United Kingdom. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 1998, The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting, oecd.org/sti/industryandglobalisation/2090589.pdf Puris, M 1999, Bringing back adidas’, Advertising Age, vol. 70 no. 10, pp. 18-20. Shimp, TA 2010, Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Slack, T 2004, The Commercialisation of Sport, Routledge, New York, NY. Solomon, C Schell, M 2009, Managing across cultures, The British Journal of Administrative Management, vol. 79 no. 7, pp. 67-67. Spillan, J E 2010, ‘A review of global marketing management: Changes, New challenges and strat egies’, Journal of Global Marketing, vol. 23 no. 1, pp. 95-96. von Massow, M 2013, Do counterfeit products affect international trade?, http://counterfeitstory.wordpress.com/2013/01/23/do-counterfeit-products-affect-international-trade-2/ Yaveroglu, I Donthu, N 2008, Advertising repetition and placement issues in on-line environments, Journal of Advertising, vol. 37 no. 2, pp. 31-43.

Plumber and Related Words

Plumber and Related Words Plumber and Related Words Plumber and Related Words By Maeve Maddox This post was triggered by the misspelling of the word plumber in the following passage: Your plummer can be as creative or more than your favorite rock star or painter†¦ What happens in his head when he needs to find a way to solve your unique sink problem is the same process that takes place in a musicians head†¦ The b in plumber derives from the fact that, until fairly recently, water pipes were manufactured of lead. The symbol for lead in the Periodic Table of Elements is Pb. The symbol derives from the Latin word for lead: plumbum. Around 1100, a plumber was a worker in any sort of lead. In the 19th century the word acquired the meaning workman who installs pipes and fittings. The Nixon administration, concerned about information leaks, created a special investigative unit called the Plumbers. A plumb line (also called a plumb-bob or a plummet) is a piece of lead hung on a string. Builders use plumb lines to gauge a vertical line. As a verb, plumb has various meanings. To plumb the depths is to measure the depth of water by dropping a weighted line of a known length. Figuratively it means to experience something deeply. The writer plumbed the depths of despair. To plumb a chimney or other object under construction means to adjust or test it to be sure its straight. Three other words that derive from the Latin word for lead are plummet, plunge, and aplomb. Besides being a synonym for a plumb line, plummet can be used as a verb. One sense is to fathom, to take soundings. Its more common use is with the meaning to fall rapidly. Plummet is a good word to describe a precipitate and heavy fall. Florida tomato prices plummet, consumers win Daily stress and worry plummet after age 50 A fireman and a policeman held the ends of a horse blanket to try to catch the next falling girl, but the blanket split in half as the body plummeted right through and hit the pavement. The verb plunge comes from Vulgar Latin plumbicare, to heave the lead. Like plummet, the word suggests a heavy weight falling in a straight direction or forceful movement into something or in a downward direction, often into water. The expression to take the plunge means to commit oneself. The fashion term plunging neckline is documented from 1949. So saying, Nigel, with the light, of adventure gleaming in his joyous eyes, drew his sword and plunged swiftly into the forest. In one of the most dizzying half-hours in stock market history, the Dow plunged nearly 1,000 points Dome plunged deep into sea to cap U.S. oil leak The noun aplomb means confidence. The connection to the lead/plumb line idea is that a confident, assured person stands up straight. By September 10, 2001, Rudolph Giuliani seemed to have worn out his welcome as Mayor of New York, but the sorrier aspects of his two terms of office were all but wiped from collective memory by his aplomb amidst the chaos of 9/11. He [Ellis R. Dungan] transcended barriers with aplomb Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?Capitalization Rules for the Names of GamesThe "Pied" in The Pied Piper

Ford Motor Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ford Motor Company - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that  Ford Motors offers values for all its stakeholders. Ford Motors focuses on ‘one team’ consisting of all stakeholders such as customers, employees, suppliers, dealers and investors among others. Vision statement shows the future perspective of the company.  This paper stresses that organizations set up several strategies to operate business efficiently in international market. Ford Motor Company witnessed lots of strategic challenges during recession in the US. In the recent past, Ford Motors has redesigned a coherent business strategy. Ford emphasizes on ‘One Ford’ philosophy.  Ford Motor Company focuses on meeting the customers’ requirements by providing them quality products. It enhances the efficiency of its plants and processes by adopting advanced technologies. Their strategies are chiefly based on ‘One Ford’ approach. Ford offers high-quality vehicles with global appeal such as ‘fuel -efficient cars’, competent utility vehicles, and ‘fun-to-drive’. They ensure continuous improvement driven by their strong product line. Ford Motors highlights on overall profitability. Ford Motors’ loyalties to excellent fuel economy, stunning style as well as customer-focused technology are demonstrated throughout its product line.  Lincoln, one of the associated brands, is under focus to be established as a luxury brand to attain opportunities in the developing markets.   Excellent quality, laser-sharp spotlight on client safety and fuel efficiency continue to make Ford Motors a market leader with the US consumers.

Discussing Theodore Roosevelt's views of American Nationalism and Research Paper

Discussing Theodore Roosevelt's views of American Nationalism and Imperialism - Research Paper Example By the nineteenth century, it was almost impossible to interchange the concepts of nationalism and racism. Enlightenment ideals heightened on nationalism and imperialism regardless of the emphasis on the equality and liberty of men as well as the cosmopolitan aspirations. Following the French Revolution, the republican government tries to unify all the French-speaking nations making them a single rule. This led to an aggressive campaign by the military in the Low Nations. Italian liberals on the other hand hoped to have a unified nation that would be under the Italians only and not a jumbled combination of foreign and domestic monarchs. Come the nineteenth century, there was no accord that the different species of mankind shared a common origin and that there worth was not equal. Most nations and leaders believed on the biological superiority of what was referred to as the Caucasian race and this was common with the Germanic peoples who seemed to be justified by the global colonial e mpires rise headed by the European countries. It is in the wake of this situation that this paper looks at the position taken by Theodore Roosevelt on imperialism and nationalism. Theodore Roosevelt’s came to power at a time when most of nations had adopted nationalistic and imperialistic modes as they tried to gain more territories and come up with the best military. This situation strengthened the desire of Theodore Roosevelt to construct the American race so that it becomes one that is full of ambitious, brave and hardworking men. To come up with such a race, Theodore Roosevelt’s remained open to mixing races as he believed that by mixing different races, he will be able to have men who had superior qualities than those men who were pure. Despite this position, Theodore Roosevelt also believed that there were some groups of people who he viewed as better representations of this race. He was in favor of people from the European descent as he excluded the Asians and A frican American considering them as being inferior. Some of his actions and speeches contrasted this position on race. He strongly believed and promised that people from different races were welcome and that they had the same rights as the rest of the American citizens. Early life Experience Theodore Roosevelt came from a tradition that revered the Protestant ethic, the middle class Americans. In his early childhood, he learned the ethic of the Bible and was introduced to social consciousness now that his father happened to be an avid philanthropy practitioner as well as a social worker who believed in putting in action what the Bible preached. His concern with regards to the poor was that the legislative form in pursuing to lessen the distress resulting from a new industrial and urban society. This take is evident in his progressive stance while he was serving as a New York’s Governor as well as the President. This showed that Theodore Roosevelt attitude was reverent and he pursued the highest Christian virtue ideals and opted to implement his own faith in assisting others and helping to come up with a better world. Theodore Roosevelt’s involvement in religion in his early life was that of works. His early Christianity life was behind his means to live a good life and this led to his ruling to emphasize on moral and good life. This remained to be an overriding passion in the faith of Theodore

CHANGE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CHANGE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The necessity for the change management process has been recognised because of the three main issues. One of the prime concerning issues is that the department was not being able to reach around 30% of the population targeted by them. It has also been noted that the department was not being capable to reach the own targets set by themselves with regards to performance, customer service and finance. Thus, the government’s target population was not being able to receive the services that were offered by the department. At last, the local authorities decided that the department should consist of youth who will be responsible for delivering services to all the children within the age group of 0-19 years. The department also has planned to provide support to children at the earliest stage who have been identified with additional needs (Education and Families Department, n.d.). The discussion in the paper will include the major processes that took place in the department’s ch ange management initiative. ... The Implemented Change Process in the Department The existing department comprises The Extended Service Team which was formed to be a part of the Children’s Partnership Service along with the Integrated Services Team and Young People’s Sexual Health Team. The department achieved their objectives by working in collaboration among the teams that were associated with the department. The teams had to provide services spread over 12 establishments which were costing the local authority very significantly. Thus, the future plans within the change process include setting up of 16 establishments which will increase the budget for the local authorities if the same model or management was followed (Education and Families Department, n.d.). However, the economic downturn made the competent authorities to focus on bringing certain changes in the management structure and processes that could lead them to deliver effective services through efficient planning. Children centres being r elatively newer concept, the department decided to establish a forum for governors and local management board members of all children centres. The issues for dissolving the earlier board were blocking the pace for development which made the department to work in partnerships with different boards and government bodies. The Education and Families Department planned to provide excellent services to the families with children under statutory school age. The transformation of the management decided to develop a streamlined governance structure which will be efficient and provide strong support to all the centres across each locality (Education and Families Department, n.d.). The department’s proposed structure included the decision to merge

The influence of parents on their childs choice of career

The influence of parents on their childs choice of career Prior to the Industrial Revolution, work revolved around the sector of agriculture. Most of the economy, at this point in time was based on the farms owned and operated by the families themselves. Therefore, this required that all of the family, being grandparents, parents, children and nieces, gather together and work in the family farm in order for them to surivive. As Mifsud (2004), stated in her dissertation Parental influence on adolescents in career choice, jobs were a matter of destiny and children entered the same type of occupation as their parents or grandparents. However, all of this changed with the rise of the modernization in Malta, were social and economic changes took place. One major cause that marked these social and economic changes was technology (such as the progression in communication), which accordingly, affected every aspect of daily life: stability of the family, work, marriage, leisure and value of education (Olsen Cooper, 2008). One noticeable influence of these changes was predominantly on work. With this revolution, people, particularly young people, were endowed with the opportunity to choose from a great deal and diverse career occupations that became available outside the family sector. Due to this, unlike traditional societies, work roles became separated from the basis of inheritance or kinship position and thus young people were no longer constrained to work with the family and to follow their parents footsteps (Mifsud, 2004). Eventually, education developed, in such a way as to complement the needs of the modern societies (Cassar, 2004; p. 33). As a result of this, Maltese children today are obliged to attend school between the ages of 5 to 16 years old. Therefore, unlike previous years, todays children are faced with the challenge of competing with other students of the same age in order for them to achieve the best educational qualifications. This will present opportunities for them to choose the best, rewarding and satisfying careers from the wide range available. Apart from educational qualifications there are other social contexts that influence the decisions of adolescents in what career to choose. These are ones personality, socioeconomic status, parents and peers, schools, and gender (Santrock, 2001). Throughout this assignment I will be focusing particularly on the influence of parents on adolescents choice of career. During this period, apart from peers, the parents are the most influential peop le in their lives (Berk, 2007; p.345). Despite the fact that children are not expected to continue on their parents footsteps, the influence of parents has survived (Gravina, 2005). This influence is clearly seen from the very high level of commitment that Maltese parents have with regards to their children (Abela, 2000; p. 97-8). Today parents are being both directly and indirectly influential in what careers their children pursue. This influence begins at an early age, when parents, sometimes indirectly, model a particular behavior and attitudes in relation to their work in front of their children. This influence goes on to the type of schools parents choose for their children, what options their children choose to study at a secondary level, and whether or not their children should continue school. Throughout this assignment I will refer to these factors one by one and establish what kinds of influence the parents have on their children. Parents as role models From an early age, children observe other peoples behavior and in turn try to be like them by imitating them. These people are often referred to as role models. Due to the diverse occupations that exist today, children are confronted with different role models. As Sharf (2002; p.168) argued, Adults are important role models for children in learning about the world of work. Key adult figures that serve the best example to the child in learning about the work life are parents. Children whose parents work, see, hear and observe their parents talk about the jobs they have. Due to this, children acquire knowledge, values, perceptions and aspirations in correlation to their parents jobs. Moreover, Trice and Tillapaughs (1991, cited in Sharf, 2002; p.168) found that childrens aspirations to their parents occupations are influenced by their perception of how satisfied their parents are with their own work. In other words, parents influence what career their childrens choose by the way they talk about work at home, their overall satisfaction and pride in their work, and one must not forget also the position and payment of their work, which in the long run affect the family status. According to Berk (2007; p.455), higher SES (Socio-Economic Status) parents are more likely to give their children important information about the world of work and to have connections with people which can help the young persons obtain a high-status position. Apart from this, highly ed ucated parents will have higher expectations on their childs future careers. This is confirmed by a study carried out by Bezzina (2008) in her dissertation Career Barriers encountered by students in a female secondary school. She found out that those students, whose parents work in sectors that are considered to be of a low status, aspired less professional jobs than those students whose parents work in professional sectors. From my experience I believe that children, whose parents are of a certain level of education and jobs, push their children to achieve more. My father, who is now retired, worked at an important position in the Dockyard whereas my mother was a housewife. Unlike my father, my mother finished school early (at secondary level). Due to this when I was at secondary level myself, I didnt quite find support from my mother, in the sense that when I found homework difficulties I had either to wait for my father to come home from his late shifts (because he worked also pa rt-time at that time) or try and solve it myself, which was quite difficult. Because of this my parents began sending me to private lessons. I also remember that my parents never pushed me to achieve high marks. That I pass from the exams was quite enough for them. I am not saying that they would not have been satisfied if I came first at class or form; however they never really put the pressure on me to achieve the best of the marks. On the other hand, now I am quite aware of what I lost. When I go to my aunts house, I always see her pushing and encouraging her children to do not only their home work but also extra work. My aunt is a Mathematics teacher herself, and since she is deeply acquainted to what is happening in schools and outside the school, she pushes her children a lot, to achieve a lot. Indeed the marks my cousins obtain are quite surprising. The eldest daughter of my aunt is indeed now at University taking up the course of engineering. This experience I have described directs us to the next argument I will make: when adolescents perceive their parents to have high educational expectations, adolescents are likely to have higher aspirations for themselves. These parents are also more likely to offer tangible assistance for instance assistance in school work, and finance which in the long run influence whether the child continue studying for a high status position. When talking about parental influence, one has to keep in mind however that there are parents who do not work, or are not satisfied with their work life. Moreover, some families in Malta live in poverty just because the parents do not earn enough money to support the family. In my first year at university, I did some voluntary work with two children who were at that time staying at the YMCA. The family of these children was living in a state of poverty and both parents were illiterate. Due to this, these children were not given the opportunity, like other children of their age, by their parents to learn at least the alphabet or the clock. They werent even able to communicate with me clearly in Maltese. I used to ask myself what will happen to them once they finish secondary school? What kinds of job will they have later on in their life? This kind of situation reduces vocational choices and many adolescents living in poverty do not believe they have much of a choice (Kaplan, 2004; p. 437). Apart from this, there may be some students who are required to start working at an earlier age in order to help in the family finances. Due to the lack of educational qualifications they may have, they end up doing jobs which offer a low salary. Conger and Peterson (1984, cited in Coleman Hendry, 1990), state that it is important to make clear that the influence of parents on career choices will not be determined only by the nature of role model but also by the degree of warmth and affection experienced by adolescences in their relationship with their parents. Parent-child relationship Anne Roe (1957) is a person in the field of Career Development who investigated and gave considerable importance to Parental Influence on the choices of careers. She argued that the parent-child relationships play an important role in occupation selection (Santrock, 2001; p.442). She wanted to show that people in certain occupations have a common background in terms of the way they were raised (Sharf, 2002; p.308). In order to do so, she classified three types of parent-child relationships: Concentration on the child, Avoidance of the child and Acceptance of the child. When the relationship is of concentration on the child, the parents encourage dependence and request perfection. When the parents avoid the child they will be either rejecting or in the worst case neglecting him/her. In the relationship where parents accept the child, parents encourage independenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and create a tension-free environment (Sharf, 2002; p.318). This warm supportive parent-adolescent tie, per mit young people to explore ideas and social roles that foster autonomy, predicting high self-reliance, work orientation, academic competence, and favorable self-esteem (Berk, 2007; p.413). This kind of relationship provides also emotional support which is very much needed in times (adolescent times which is stressful) like this. These parental attitudes bring about certain types of personalities in the child (Sharf, 2002; p.319) and promote values, such as independence and freedom, which in the long run help in the choice of career. According to Roe, Individuals who have warm and accepting parents are likely to choose careers that include work with peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ By contrast individuals who have rejecting or neglectful parents are more likely to choose careers that do not require a good personality or strong social skills (Santrock, 2001; p.442). Anne Roes theory has been criticized a lot. Despite this, Sharf, (2002, cited in Gravina, 2005) believes that Roes theory of parent-child relationship provide interesting perspectives of parental influence on the career choice of children. In addition to this, he also states the importance of the child-parent attachment theories when discussing parental influences. Attachment theory According to Berk (2007, p.196) attachment is the strong affectionate tie we have with special people in our lives that leads us to feel pleasure when we interact with them and to be comforted by their nearness in times of stress. Traditionally attachment was the foundation of the infant-mother relationship. However, contemporary theorists like Bluestein (1995) indicated the importance of continuous and secure relationships between parent and child till late adolescence, when career exploration is a major activity (Sharf, 2002; p.325). This is supported by many researches which show the importance of parents to respond sensitively to their children in order to promote higher motivations in schools and better decisions with regards to careers (Berk, 2007). In having a secure attachment with their parents, adolescents identify themselves more with their parents and by doing so they will involve their parents more in decisions and choices. They are also more likely to listen to their pa rents opinions. In other words, in these well-functioning families, teenagers remain attached to parents and seek their advice, but they do so in a context of greater freedom (Berk, 2007; p.414). Choice of childs education It is not only when adolescents are to choose their careers that their parents directly intervene. Parental influence begins from an early age, when parents deicide which schools their children should attend to. In a study conducted by Zammit (1984, cited in Mifsud, 2004) parents were asked what job they would like their son or daughter to take, and most of them stated that they would like their children to do something better then themselves. Unfortunately, sometimes this poses a problem because in doing better than themselves, some parents might mean doing what they aspired and couldnt achieve at their age in time. For instance the mother who did not get into medical school and the father who did not make it as a professional athlete may pressure their youth to achieve a career status beyond the youths talents (Santrock, 2001; p.442). As a result of this, parents, even if they cant afford it, send their child to a private school because they have the mentality that by doing so thei r children would obtain more. Such parents view the private schools as better than others (Cassar, 2004; p. 43). Some people may also opt to send their children to private lessons for extra work. I am not saying that this is completely wrong but as David Elkind (1981, Cited in Santrock, 2001; p.441) argues todays parents are pressuring their adolescents to achieve too much, too soon. The education of the children is becoming more and more dependent upon what parents want their children to achieve rather than on the childrens abilities and efforts (Cassar, 2004; p.42). This influence of parents in their children education might have both advantages and disadvantages. One advantage might be for instance that it pressures children positively. This pressure encourages students to do well and at the end of the day achieve high status occupation. On the other hand, many children view this pressure negatively and instead of succeeding, they fail in achieving high status positions. However, all of this depends also on the kind of relationships parents have with their children. Notwithstanding all these revelations, it cannot be said that all parents in Malta seek to assist in their offsprings future (Cassar, 2004; p,45). Optional subjects The influence of parents on adolescence career choice continues from the choice of school to the choice of subjects that they are expected to choose at the secondary level. Many parents are quite aware that these choices will mostly determine what career their children might pursue in the future. As Sultana (1992) said, once these choices are made, it is impossible to turn back and start again on a different path. At the time when adolescents are to choose their optional subjects, they are at the phase of development. Part of this development involves striving for autonomy- a sense of oneself as a separate, self governing individual. Teenagers strive to rely more on themselves and less on parents for decision making (Berk, 2007; p.413). I remember when I was going to choose the subjects at from two and I wanted to choose Art as one of my options. My parents at first couldnt accept the fact that I was going to choose art. Their main concern was that it is difficult to find a job that requires skills in Art. At that time I wasnt kind of looking at the future since I was more interested in what I liked. My mother wanted me to choose computer studies, the reason being that it opens a lot of career paths. One can imagine how much we fought on this. At the end of the day my parents accepted, and I chose art. Nowadays when I look back I wish that I listened to what my parents told me and involved them more in the decision making process, because ultimately I couldnt continue on art. Despite this, Bezzina (2002, cited in Cassar and Cutajar, 2004; p.45) found that students main source of help in subject choice was the parents. I think that at times parents influence is vital and many adolescents today are to some extant seeking their parents more for advice. As already stated, this also depends on what kind of relationship the child has with his/her parents. Further education Parents who influence their children from a young age continue to influence their children later on in life when they finish secondary school and are faced with a major life decision: the choice of a suitable work position. Due to this, adolescents have to choose whether to continue studying or not. Very recently I was talking to my mother and she explained to me that when she was an adolescent, many of her friends were expected by their parents to begin working once they finish secondary school, in order to help with the family finances. Today this situation changed and now parents are giving more value to education (we have to keep in mind however those low SES families). With this competition taking place at schools and with the new careers that are becoming available (such as careers in relation to information technology), many parents expect their children to continue on with their education. Here we see that parents continue to influence their childs decision on career even til l post secondary level. In a research conducted by Bezzina (2001, cited in Cassar and Cutajar, 2004; p.45) parents perceive that their influence is important, and they make it a point to exert their influence in one way or another. In some cases this influence is beneficial to the child, especially if the relationship between the parent and the child is a good one. The parents might provide adequate guidance such as to consider other options for example to attend Junior Lyceum instead of ITS in order to obtain more educational qualifications and have more possible paths to follow. However parents who influence the child in a demanding way will be interfering with the childs decisions. Methodology A particular hypothesis that I established from the literature review and my experience about parental influence is that, parents, today, influence their children in career choice. Since I am a curious person, I wished to determine whether such hypothesis is true in practice and in general. In order to do so, I carried out a study amongst adolescences who are now attending post-secondary school. The method I utilized for this study was quantitative and my main instrument was a close-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire is made up of 14 questions. In the first part of the questionnaire, participants were asked general questions about their age, career choice, and school sector and about private lessons. Following these, the questions become more personal. The students had to: answer questions such as parents school level and current occupation, rate their parents satisfaction with their job and how they perceive themselves to be happy in their career and to rate their relationship with their parents. In the last part of the questionnaire participants were asked to list those persons or factors that influenced them the most in the choice of optional subjects and career. My main intention in doing these questions was to explore whether a co-relation between these factors (such as parents satisfaction with current job and how participants think they are going to feel with their job) exists which determines, in the long run, whether or not parents influence their children in their choi ce of career. I distributed these questionnaires to ten students; by which I could gather a small representative data. The age of the students varied from 16- 17 years of age. A reason why I chose this age group is that by this time, they would have already chosen whether to continue studying or not and thus are more aware of what career they want to pursue. Although I did not take a large sample, the results from these questionnaires helped me a lot. By doing this study, I will now be able to prove whether the arguments, literature and experiences described in the assignment are true. Results and Discussion In this part of the assignment, I am going to examine the sections that I tackled earlier on in the assignment with the results I found from the questionnaires. I will be linking some of these sections together, in order to make sense of the results I obtained. Influence of Parents During this period, apartfrom peers, the parents are the most influential people in their lives (Berk, 2007; p.345). Although in many cases peers are of great influence, what I particularly found from this study is that when it comes to choice of subject and career, adolescents are more influenced by their parents. Following parents, in my results, the school is shown to be the next influential sector of adolescents when making a choice. Both friends and others (a term which I referred to in my questionnaire and which participants identified them as being teachers and siblings), are shown to influence adolescents particularly on equal level. This support an argument I made in the assignment that Despite the fact that children are not expected to continue on their parents footsteps, the influence of parents has survived (Gravina, 2005). Parents as role models No. of Participant Choice of Career Occupation Level of Satisfaction Mother Father Parents 1 Architecture Secretary Architecture 7 2 Engineer Teacher Engineer 7 3 Lawyer Housewife Lawyer 6 4 Manager Housewife Manager 8 5 Accountant Housewife Accountant 7 6 Doctor Nurse Accountant 9 7 Accountant Housewife Accountant 7 8 Psychologist Teacher Psychologist 8 9 Accountant Clerk Accountant 8 10 Teacher Teacher Teacher 9 Results of questions 2, 9, 10, 11 12 This study illustrates first of all the variance of careers between both genders. One noticeable result shown in the above table is that the majority of the mothers occupations revolve around caring profession: housewife, nursing and teaching. Although I didnt make reference of gender in my assignment I believe that this is of great influence on children in their career choice. I believe that those adolescents, particularly females, whose mothers work in professions not considered to be feminine, will serve as a role model for their children in choosing careers which might seems unattainable due to the gender stereotypes. In my assignment I argued that children today are not expected to continue on their parents footsteps. However, from the data that I gathered I observed that every participants choice of career is somehow related to at least one of the parents occupation. Participants number 1, 3, 5, and 7 chose a career exactly like the father. However, only one of the participants, participant number 10 chose a career like the mother. The other participants 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 chose a career that has, at least to some extent, some characteristics found in their parents occupation. For instance participant number 8 opted to become a psychologist. Her parents are both teachers. Both professions are considered to be caring professions. From the ratings of parents satisfactions and the participants perceived level of satisfaction of their future job, I observed that those participants that rated their parents satisfaction lower than how they perceive their satisfaction to be with their future career, have mothers who are unemployed and work as housewives. Despite this, all participants expect for participant number 4, rate their level of satisfaction as equal as or better than those of their parents. In my opinion this strengthen the findings made by Trice and Tillapaughs (1991, cited in Sharf, 2002; p.168) that childrens aspirations to their parents occupations are influenced by their perception of how satisfied their parents are with their own work. Parent-child relationship No. of Participant Choice of Career Close with Parents 1 Architecture 7 2 Engineer 8 3 Lawyer 7 4 Manager 9 5 Accountant 7 6 Doctor 9 7 Accountant 10 8 Psychologist 8 9 Accountant 8 10 Teacher 8 Results of question 13 In this study, I tried to determine whether parent-child relationship affects what the adolescents opt for a career. Anne Roe, as stated earlier wanted to show that people in certain occupations have a common background in terms of the way they were raised (Sharf, 2002; p.308). She focused on Concentration on the child, Avoidance of the child and Acceptance of the child. In order to identify whether such parental behavior towards the child affects what the child chose as career, would have been difficult, because it is not ethically right to go on about and ask strangers what type of relationship they have with their parents. As an alternative to this I asked the participants to rate how close they feel with their parents. The result show that all of the participants feel somehow close to their parents. Since the study is on a small scale, I will take one particular occupation that is somehow common in the study: Accountant. What I found from the results is that participants who chos e Accounts as a career, rate their relationship with their parents differently. In addition to this, when one study in depth such an approach, one have to take into consideration also the child-parent attachment. Parents level of education I wanted to study this issue particularly because I believe from my experience that children, whose parents are of a certain level of education and jobs, push their children to achieve more. No. of Participant Choice of Career Level of Education Mother 1 Architecture Secondary 2 Engineer Tertiary 3 Lawyer Post-secondary 4 Manager Post-secondary 5 Accountant Secondary 6 Doctor Tertiary 7 Accountant Post-secondary 8 Psychologist Tertiary 9 Accountant Post-secondary 10 Teacher Post-secondary What I found interesting in this study is that actually, some fathers and mothers have similar education level. It is very difficult to determine a conclusion of whether parents level of education influence career choice or not, since the research is based on a small scale number. However, what I could identify is that none of the participants parents have low educational level such as primary level, thus I think that by and large all of the participants were encouraged to continue studying and pursue a professional career. Conclusion It seems from the small scale study I carried out, the theories I described and the arguments I raised throughout this assignment, that parents are still influential. Many students seek help from their parents when they are to choose something important as this of career. Unfortunately, sometimes not all parents are knowledgeable enough to give their children the best information they need with regards to the choice of career. Due to this I believe that students must seek either a guidance teacher or a counselor. They must seek for this guidance from the very beginning, when they are to choose their optional subjects. Still, I believe that the majority of the students do not seek for this help. Some students might be shy to go to a guidance teacher or counselor; some students might be discouraged by parents to do so and other view the time with these people such as guidance teacher and counselor as a loss of time. Due to this, students must be aware of the importance of the assistanc e these people may give them. An effective way in helping them become aware of this is throughout the PSD lesson by the PSD teacher. Appendix